Impacto de las estrategias inclusivas en el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante con discapacidad intelectual moderada

dc.contributor.advisorVega Vega, Dalila
dc.creatorRodríguez Coronado, Lorelein Yaseth
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-08T20:18:31Z
dc.date.available2026-07-08T20:18:31Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-15
dc.descriptionThe present study aimed to analyze the impact of inclusive strategies on the learning process of students with moderate intellectual disabilities at the Panamanian Institute of Special Education (Instituto Panameño de Habilitación Especial, I.P.H.E.) in Herrera, located in the Azuero region of the province of Herrera. The research was conducted under a non-experimental design, with a qualitative approach and a descriptive scope, to explore in depth the pedagogical practices implemented, teachers’ experiences, and perceptions of their effectiveness in real inclusive contexts. The sample consisted of 20 participants: 5 regular and support classroom teachers, 5 parents or caregivers, and 10 observed students, selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling based on accessibility and relevance to the topic. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with teachers and parents, as well as systematic classroom observation guides, allowing for the capture of rich narratives, personal experiences, and direct evidence of educational interactions. The findings indicate that inclusive strategies, such as the use of visual supports (pictograms and schedules), individualized curricular adaptations, collaborative group work, step-by-step instructions, and concrete, manipulable materials generate significant improvements in conceptual understanding, participation, motivation, and socialization among students. These practices facilitate more direct and experiential learning, reducing frustration and fostering autonomy. Important limitations were identified, including a lack of teacher training, insufficient family involvement in emotional support, resistance to attitudinal change, and deficiencies in school infrastructure that affect accessibility and mobility.
dc.description.abstractEl presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto de las estrategias inclusivas en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual moderada en el Instituto Panameño de Habilitación Especial (I.P.H.E.) de Herrera, provincia de Herrera. La investigación se desarrolló bajo un diseño no experimental, de enfoque cualitativo y alcance descriptivo, con el propósito de explorar en profundidad las prácticas pedagógicas implementadas, las experiencias de los docentes y las percepciones sobre su efectividad en contextos inclusivos reales. La muestra estuvo conformada por 20 participantes: 5 docentes de aula regular y de apoyo, 5 padres o cuidadores y 10 estudiantes observados, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por accesibilidad y relevancia al tema. Para la recolección de datos se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes y padres, así como guías de observación sistemática en el aula, permitiendo capturar narrativas ricas, experiencias personales y evidencias directas de las interacciones educativas. Se evidencia que las estrategias inclusivas, tales como el uso de apoyos visuales (pictogramas y agendas), adecuaciones curriculares individuales, trabajo colaborativo en grupo, instrucciones paso a paso y materiales concretos manipulables, generan mejoras significativas en la comprensión conceptual, la participación, la motivación y la socialización de los estudiantes. Estas prácticas facilitan un aprendizaje más directo y experiencial, reduciendo frustración y fomentando autonomía. Se identificaron limitaciones importantes, como la falta de capacitación docente, insuficiente participación familiar en el acompañamiento emocional, resistencia al cambio actitudinal y carencias en infraestructura escolar que afectan la accesibilidad y movilidad.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe present study aimed to analyze the impact of inclusive strategies on the learning process of students with moderate intellectual disabilities at the Panamanian Institute of Special Education (Instituto Panameño de Habilitación Especial, I.P.H.E.) in Herrera, located in the Azuero region of the province of Herrera. The research was conducted under a non-experimental design, with a qualitative approach and a descriptive scope, to explore in depth the pedagogical practices implemented, teachers’ experiences, and perceptions of their effectiveness in real inclusive contexts. The sample consisted of 20 participants: 5 regular and support classroom teachers, 5 parents or caregivers, and 10 observed students, selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling based on accessibility and relevance to the topic. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with teachers and parents, as well as systematic classroom observation guides, allowing for the capture of rich narratives, personal experiences, and direct evidence of educational interactions. The findings indicate that inclusive strategies, such as the use of visual supports (pictograms and schedules), individualized curricular adaptations, collaborative group work, step-by-step instructions, and concrete, manipulable materials generate significant improvements in conceptual understanding, participation, motivation, and socialization among students. These practices facilitate more direct and experiential learning, reducing frustration and fostering autonomy. Important limitations were identified, including a lack of teacher training, insufficient family involvement in emotional support, resistance to attitudinal change, and deficiencies in school infrastructure that affect accessibility and mobility.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.format.extent143 páginas
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio2.udelas.ac.pa/handle/123456789/1703
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherUniversidad Especializada de las Américas
dc.relation.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.subjectinclusión educativa
dc.subjectestrategias inclusivas
dc.subjectdiscapacidad intelectual moderada
dc.subjectaprendizaje cualitativo
dc.subjectapoyos visuales
dc.subjectparticipación familiar
dc.subjectinclusive education
dc.subjectinclusive strategies
dc.subjectmoderate intellectual disability
dc.subjectqualitative learning
dc.subjectvisual supports
dc.subjectfamily participation
dc.titleImpacto de las estrategias inclusivas en el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante con discapacidad intelectual moderada
dc.typeThesis
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/updatedVersion
repositorio.trabajodegrado.carreraLicenciatura en Educación Especial y Pedagogía
repositorio.trabajodegrado.facultadFacultad de Educación Especial y Pedagogía
repositorio.trabajodegrado.sedePanamá
repositorio.trabajodegrado.tipoTesis - Licenciatura

Files

Original bundle

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Rodríguez Coronado, Lorelein Yaseth.pdf
Size:
1.7 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format

License bundle

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description: