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Item Detección temprana de epilepsia pediátrica: progresión de los electrodos en EEG(European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2023-02-28)La epilepsia es un trastorno cerebral producido por cambios inesperados de la actividad eléctrica del cerebro, manifestado por comportamientos inusuales llamados convulsiones, que pueden llevar hasta la pérdida del conocimiento, y pueden repetirse varias veces en el transcurso de vida del paciente. La epilepsia pediátrica se manifiesta en forma muy variada con la edad de los niños; ya que, el tipo de convulsiones depende del grado de maduración del sistema nervioso central, la genética predominante en la estructura y los procesos bioquímicos del cerebro en desarrollo. En este orden de ideas, el electroencefalograma (EEG) es una herramienta que apoya el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad por medio del registro eléctrico de las crisis epilépticas. La actividad bioeléctrica del cerebro es detectada a nivel del cuero cabelludo por los electrodos, luego se amplifica y finalmente, se registra; este proceso es conocido como la neuromonitorización. En esta revisión se describen varias investigaciones que se recopilaron de revisiones de registros existentes en base a ingeniería biomédica, para determinar la efectividad y desempeño de diferentes electrodos de EEG, con énfasis en aplicaciones pediátricas dada la dificultad en este tipo de paciente. Se pretende plantear las tecnologías emergentes que pudieran en un futuro cercano utilizarse en la detección temprana de eventos epileptiformes, permitiendo establecer estrategias de tratamiento desde el inicio de la vida de los pacientes. Aunque ha evolucionado progresivamente, la Electroencefalografía pediátrica todavía carece de medios efectivos y cómodos para monitorizar continuamente el EEG en etapas tempranas. Tecnologías como el grafeno y los polímeros dopados podrían resolver esta problemática.Item Advancements in blood rheology and hemodynamics simulation with a brief history(Advance Research in Sciences (ARS), 2023-09-20)Blood rheology is a complex field of study that investigates blood flow behavior, vital for understanding its role in physiological and pathological conditions. This article delves into various rheological models that describe blood behavior, ranging from Generalized Newtonian models to more sophisticated thixotropic and elastoviscoplastic models. One such model, the Horner-Armstrong-Wagner-Beris (HAWB) model, offers valuable insights into the dynamic interplay of reversible and irreversible phenomena in blood flow. Recent advancements, such as the mHAWB framework, provide enhanced accuracy and versatility in modeling blood rheology, holding great potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Moreover, microscopic and mesoscopic simulations have paved the way for deeper insights into blood behavior, bridging the gap between theory and experiment. Multiscale models offer a promising approach to capturing the complexities of blood rheology at various length scales. Finally, we explore the clinical implications of blood rheology, including its significance in conditions like polycythemia, neonatal respiratory distress, and circulatory inadequacy. By understanding blood rheology comprehensively, we can advance our knowledge of complex blood flow dynamics and its potential applications in healthcare.Item Design of a cost-effective swimming prosthesis for transtibial amputee patients(Revista Académica Gente Clave, 2022-10-06)swim fin prosthesis has been manufactured for a transtibial amputee patient by 3D printers using glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate associated with a video recording analyzer that allows the measurement of the angles of the participant's residual limb. The data provided by the study indicate that the knee flexors present, according to Daniel's scale, the strength of 3.5, the knee extension (quadriceps-rectus femoris) a strength of 4, and the adductors (adductor medius) and abductors (gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata) a strength of 4. Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the critical loading conditions, considering some parameters that affect the mechanics of the transtibial amputee's kick, such as the angular velocity of the kick, drag force, and flipper geometry. Similarly, the mechanical strength of the prosthesis was evaluated by finite element analysis, and it was determined that given the angular velocity of the prosthesis, the maximum stress Von Miss 31.78MPa. In tests, the equipment operated at a pressure of 6.1 kPa.Item Analysis of indoor CO2 concentration using split ventilation systems as an indicator of COVID-19 transmission(American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2023-07-23)We measured the indoor CO2 concentration in occupied areas with ventilation systems that recirculate air without an external air supply. The average time required to achieve the highest probability of contagion was also measured based on the number of participants in the group. Three different experimental groups were evaluated: Group One (G1), which included 5 participants; Group Two (G2), with 10 participants; and Group Three (G3), with 15 participants. Before the measurements, the CO2 concentration was measured to be homogeneous and its sampled value was given by the difference between the indoor and outdoor CO2 measurements (>5000 ppm or 0.5% CO2 in air) averaged over an 8-h work day Time Weighted Average (TWA.). G1 and G3 group participants performed low intensity daily office activities, such as reading and talking. In contrast, Group Two (G2) was asked to perform moderate intensity activities, such as frequently lifting 10 kg items and walking quickly. The CO2 concentration was measured with two instruments to compare the outdoor and indoor measurements. Both devices were configured to take one reading every second for 30 min. A mathematical model was developed from the CO2 concentrations measured, the group size, and the retention factor of the mask being worn to determine the probability of inhaled air contaminated with an aerosol of SARS-CoV-2. We concluded that the likelihood of contagion in enclosed areas such as study areas, offices, and meeting rooms, among others, which use ventilation without a circulation of fresh air, is high. Despite proper distancing and masking, there is a 99% chance of contagion in one of the modeled extreme case scenarios in less than 10 min of exposure. The study took place in Albrook, Republic of Panama, which is a tropical developing coastal geographic location where split air conditioning units are widely used and, like many other countries in Latin America, where indoor air quality has only recently started being discussed publicly and enforced.Item Mass production of uniformly sized air-filled poly-lactic acid microcapsules made from microbubble templates(.American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2019-01-16)Hollow poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) microcapsules were fabricated using the bubble template method. In this method, microbubbles nucleated inside droplets of a dichloromethane solution of PLA which were located in a continuous phase of poly(vinyl alcohol). PLA-covered microbubbles formed when PLA adsorbed to the bubble surface by physisorption. Then, the coated microbubbles were spontaneously released from the droplet´s interior into the continuous phase. To increase the production yield of hollow microcapsules in this method, ultrasound was applied to enhance bubble nucleation inside the droplets. Thus to attain uniform hollow PLA microcapsules, the optimum PLA concentration with ultrasound was 30 g L −1 , which is higher than that without ultrasound (2 g L−1 ). At the optimum concentration, the average radius was 0.54 µm, with a polydispersity index of 21.2%. It was found that the equilibrium size of the microbubble template radius was the same with and without ultrasound. The production yield had a tenfold increase when ultrasound was employed.Item The National Health Monitoring System of Panama "SIMONS-SUHPA"(International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2021-09-30)SIMONS-SUHPA is a technological solution to identifying the least saturated emergency rooms in the different hospitals in Panama City. Healthcare in hospitals requires a better distribution of patients. The overcrowding in the emergency rooms is undoubtedly a day-to-day challenge. Thus this research seeks to minimize overcrowding by efficiently allocating patients to health centers. Via technology, the patient can be provided with information about the best medical care center based on his location, illness, and available resources (medical staff, equipment, among others). Technological innovations today have generated a greater demand for information. Society demands a greater degree of care and better benefits from medical services. In turn, a greater need justifies developing systems with high degrees of efficiency and effectiveness. To improve patients' demands, we propose a web application to obtain information about the hospital centers around him, depending on his location area. The main objective is to reduce the accumulation of emergency patients in these rooms thanks to the application's use, providing real-time information on the number of patients seen.Item Toxicity of commercial atrazine in rattus novergicus organs as a function of concentration: histopathological, ultrastructural and hematological evaluation(Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 2022-03-30)The effect of commercial Atrazine (ATR) on Rattus Novergicus organs was determined for a concentration of cATR of 1, 3, 13, 30, and 50 ppb. ATR was dissolved in drinking water. The rats were allowed to drink from it ad libitum for an uninterrupted period of 28 days as established by the Offi ce of Environmental Protection protocol under the number EPA OPPTS 870.3050. In the 28 days of the test, data on the behavior of the medicated animals was recorded before the extraction of sample tissues (heart, liver, spleen, brain, and testicles) for histological analysis. A direct correlation of cATR and organ damage was found. The study showed that even for the smallest doses (1ppb), commercial ATR produced several lesions in the studied animals. The rats showed hepatic periacinar necrosis with acute coagulation, hepatocyte lipidosis, severe portal lymphocytic infl ammation, coronary periarteritis, and lymphocytic meningoencephalitis for high concentrations. In the male reproductive system, testicular degeneration with mild acute tubular necrosis was observed.Item Educación alimentaria y nutricional para reducir la obesidad en escolares de Panamá: protocolo de estudio(Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética, 2019-01-19)El sobrepeso en escolares representa un creciente problema de salud pública en Panamá. El objetivo es desarrollar y validar un programa de intervención en educación alimentaria y nutricional (EAN) contra el sobrepeso y la obesidad en escolares de Panamá bajo la perspectiva de una política pública intersectorial de salud y educación. La intervención se basa en el cambio de conducta bajo el modelo socio-ecológico que favorezca la adopción de comportamientos alimentarios y de estilos de vida más saludables. Se trata de un estudio en 362 escolares de diseño cuasi experimental, pre-post intervención, prospectivo y sin grupo control, de tipo observacional explicativo en instituciones de educación básica general del sector público en tres Distritos de Panamá Oeste: La Chorrera, Capira y Chame. Se seleccionaron 5 escuelas: la escuela Victoria D’Spinay y La Herradura en el Distrito de La Chorrera, la escuela Hernando Bárcenas en el Dis- trito de Capira y las escuelas El Espavé y Berta Elida Fernández en el Distrito de Chame. El protocolo fue registrado en la plataforma internacional de ensayos No ISRCTN28920505. Se obtendrán datos sociode- mográficos, antropométricos, nutricionales y alimentarios; de seguridad alimentaria; y de conocimiento, actitud, percepción y comportamiento sobre alimentación y estilos de vida saludables de marzo a diciem- bre de 2019 durante la implementación del programa intersectorial denominado “Escuelas Saludables” del Ministerio de Salud y del Ministerio de Educación de Panamá. Se describirán y compararán los datos utilizando estadística paramétrica y no paramétrica. El protocolo de estudio fue revisado y aprobado por el Comité de Bioética de la Universidad de Panamá (Ref. CBUP/No 075/2019), registrado en la Dirección General de Salud (DIGESA) del MINSA (No 881). Se solicitará consentimiento informado firmado por parte de los acudientes y asentimiento por cada niño participante. Los resultados del estudio serán difundidos ampliamente en revistas indexadas de revisión de pares y en congresos de salud y nutrición.Item Microcápsulas vacías empleadas en aplicaciones de ultrasonidos: generalidades, usos y métodos de fabricación(European Scientific Journal, 2019-04-01)Debido a su baja densidad, dispersión óptica, buen aislamiento térmico y grandes contenedores, las microcápsulas vacías han adquirido una especial relevancia en el campo farmacéutico y tecnológico como en la industria de cosméticos, recubrimientos, tintas, catálisis, estándares de columna de cromatografía, rellenos, biorreactores, fotocopiado electrónico, terapia génica, administración focalizada de fármacos o incluso en diagnóstico por imágenes de ultrasonido. Una microcápsula vacía se define como micro burbujas (CO2, N2, perfluorocarbonos "PFC") encapsuladas en una capa delgada de polímero o proteína. Si se emplean en aplicaciones de imágenes de ultrasonido, una capa lo suficientemente delgada permite que el núcleo de gas de la microcápsula oscile en presencia de un campo acústico para que la frecuencia de diagnóstico se pueda reflejar adecuadamente. Además, estas cápsulas deben ser no tóxicas, biocompatibles y biodegradables en el cuerpo humano. Esta revisión se centra en la síntesis de microcápsulas poliméricas biodegradables vacías que pueden emplearse como agentes de contraste de ultrasonido o en cualquier otra aplicación biomédica, donde los tamaños pequeños, la uniformidad y la toxicidad son parámetros cuando se fabrican dichas cápsulas.Item Distress about Covid-19 in Panama: psychometric structure(Journal of Social Sciences, 2021-10-30)The psychological impact of the pandemic has established the urgent need to respond to the needs of the population in each culture, region and context. Thus, in the Republic of Panama, the efforts of numerous specialists have combined actions to attend to the crisis. This study aims to obtain the factor structure and psychometric properties of the SARS-CoV-2 distress scale, which, together with eight other questionnaires, make up the battery to measure the psychological and behavioral consequences of the health crisis, based on the COVID Stress global survey initiative. We employed a non-probabilistic sample of 765 Panamanian adults who responded entirely online during the lockdown stage in March. The instrument is composed of 24 items that proved to be valid and reliable for the Panamanian sample. The main findings show that distress is linked to uncertainty and the financial situation and not due to health or education. In addition, single men with less schooling have higher levels of uncertainty and distress in general.
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