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Item Advancements in blood rheology and hemodynamics simulation with a brief history(Advance Research in Sciences (ARS), 2023-09-20)Blood rheology is a complex field of study that investigates blood flow behavior, vital for understanding its role in physiological and pathological conditions. This article delves into various rheological models that describe blood behavior, ranging from Generalized Newtonian models to more sophisticated thixotropic and elastoviscoplastic models. One such model, the Horner-Armstrong-Wagner-Beris (HAWB) model, offers valuable insights into the dynamic interplay of reversible and irreversible phenomena in blood flow. Recent advancements, such as the mHAWB framework, provide enhanced accuracy and versatility in modeling blood rheology, holding great potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Moreover, microscopic and mesoscopic simulations have paved the way for deeper insights into blood behavior, bridging the gap between theory and experiment. Multiscale models offer a promising approach to capturing the complexities of blood rheology at various length scales. Finally, we explore the clinical implications of blood rheology, including its significance in conditions like polycythemia, neonatal respiratory distress, and circulatory inadequacy. By understanding blood rheology comprehensively, we can advance our knowledge of complex blood flow dynamics and its potential applications in healthcare.Item Detección temprana de epilepsia pediátrica: progresión de los electrodos en EEG(European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2023-02-28)La epilepsia es un trastorno cerebral producido por cambios inesperados de la actividad eléctrica del cerebro, manifestado por comportamientos inusuales llamados convulsiones, que pueden llevar hasta la pérdida del conocimiento, y pueden repetirse varias veces en el transcurso de vida del paciente. La epilepsia pediátrica se manifiesta en forma muy variada con la edad de los niños; ya que, el tipo de convulsiones depende del grado de maduración del sistema nervioso central, la genética predominante en la estructura y los procesos bioquímicos del cerebro en desarrollo. En este orden de ideas, el electroencefalograma (EEG) es una herramienta que apoya el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad por medio del registro eléctrico de las crisis epilépticas. La actividad bioeléctrica del cerebro es detectada a nivel del cuero cabelludo por los electrodos, luego se amplifica y finalmente, se registra; este proceso es conocido como la neuromonitorización. En esta revisión se describen varias investigaciones que se recopilaron de revisiones de registros existentes en base a ingeniería biomédica, para determinar la efectividad y desempeño de diferentes electrodos de EEG, con énfasis en aplicaciones pediátricas dada la dificultad en este tipo de paciente. Se pretende plantear las tecnologías emergentes que pudieran en un futuro cercano utilizarse en la detección temprana de eventos epileptiformes, permitiendo establecer estrategias de tratamiento desde el inicio de la vida de los pacientes. Aunque ha evolucionado progresivamente, la Electroencefalografía pediátrica todavía carece de medios efectivos y cómodos para monitorizar continuamente el EEG en etapas tempranas. Tecnologías como el grafeno y los polímeros dopados podrían resolver esta problemática.Item Design of a cost-effective swimming prosthesis for transtibial amputee patients(Revista Académica Gente Clave, 2022-10-06)swim fin prosthesis has been manufactured for a transtibial amputee patient by 3D printers using glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate associated with a video recording analyzer that allows the measurement of the angles of the participant's residual limb. The data provided by the study indicate that the knee flexors present, according to Daniel's scale, the strength of 3.5, the knee extension (quadriceps-rectus femoris) a strength of 4, and the adductors (adductor medius) and abductors (gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata) a strength of 4. Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the critical loading conditions, considering some parameters that affect the mechanics of the transtibial amputee's kick, such as the angular velocity of the kick, drag force, and flipper geometry. Similarly, the mechanical strength of the prosthesis was evaluated by finite element analysis, and it was determined that given the angular velocity of the prosthesis, the maximum stress Von Miss 31.78MPa. In tests, the equipment operated at a pressure of 6.1 kPa.Item Attitudes toward COVID-19 lockdown as a risk predictor in Panama(European Scientific Journal, ESJ, Social Sciences, 2021-05-31)This document describes an investigation undertaken to examine attitudes towards lockdowns through COVID-19 as a psychosocial risk predictor in Panama. We conducted the study through a cross-sectional, prospective, and correlational approach. The study was constructed containing psychometric characteristics in the form of 36 Likert scale items to collect data. The instrument was sent to 233 participants via Google form between April 17 and April 30, 2020. The participants responded fully to the questionnaire. We analyzed the data by mean comparisons, correlation, and regression. There is a significant correlation between each of the studied factors and attitudes. The results indicate that women and people over the age of 51 have a positive attitude towards lockdown. Finally, from the predictive risk model in which 99.9% of the data fit., the affective factor represents 68%, the cognitive factor 22%, and the behavioral factor 10% of predictive importance for lockdown attitudes to COVID-19.Item Confianza durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Panamá(ESJ Social Sciences, 2021-10-31)Esta investigación forma parte de una batería de pruebas para precisar las consecuencias psicológicas y conductuales por la crisis COVID-19, a partir de la iniciativa COVIDiSTRESS global survey (Lieberoth y colaboradores, 2020). El objetivo es establecer las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de confianza de la OCDE para explicar la confianza en las personas y en las instituciones en situación de COVID-19 en Panamá. Es un estudio transversal, prospectivo y comparativo. Se aplicó el instrumento de medición sobre confianza elaborado por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), a una población de 765 panameños adultos, entre 18 y 82 años. La estructura psicométrica indica una validez de constructo que integra a dos factores que en conjunto tienen una varianza explicada de 69.69%. La confiabilidad Alpha de Cronbach, arroja un puntaje global de European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 October 2021 edition Vol.17, No.35 www.eujournal.org 52 0.882. Los resultados evidencian desconfianza en las personas, en las autoridades y en las instituciones nacionales e internacionales en situación de COVID-19 en Panamá. Se perciben diferencias significativas por escolaridad, situación marital y edad. La confianza es similarmente baja por género, a pesar de los esfuerzos gubernamentales por el manejo pertinente y eficiente durante el inicio de la pandemia. Es importante, resaltar que la situación de cuarentena por pandemia durante la aplicación del cuestionario es una variable externa, extraordinaria, por lo que se recomienda realizar estudios longitudinales para contrastar y medir el impacto que ésta tiene.Item Aplicabilidad del BFI-S en Panamá(SNI, SENACYT, 2022-01-15)Se analizó las características psicométricas de la escala BFI-S de 5 elementos y se determinó la eficiencia de la escala para obtener las características psicométricas deseadas. El estudio es de campo no experimental, prospectivo y aplicativo, con un diseño ex post facto transversal y correlacional. La muestra fue no probabilística de 648 adultos panameños que respondieron a la escala de personalidad BFI, como parte de un estudio internacional sobre el impacto psicológico y conductual de la crisis por COVID-19 llamado COVIDiSTRESS global survey de Lieberoth et al. El instrumento forma parte de un inventario que integra otras ocho escalas. Se empleó el método de extracción de componentes principales y el método de rotación utilizado fue el de normalización Varimax con Kariser. Los datos se analizaron con el estadístico Alpha de Cronbach, para calcular la confiabilidad de la prueba. Los resultados indican que el constructo no cuenta con validez ni confiabilidad para la muestra panameña.Item Analysis of indoor CO2 concentration using split ventilation systems as an indicator of COVID-19 transmission(American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2023-07-23)We measured the indoor CO2 concentration in occupied areas with ventilation systems that recirculate air without an external air supply. The average time required to achieve the highest probability of contagion was also measured based on the number of participants in the group. Three different experimental groups were evaluated: Group One (G1), which included 5 participants; Group Two (G2), with 10 participants; and Group Three (G3), with 15 participants. Before the measurements, the CO2 concentration was measured to be homogeneous and its sampled value was given by the difference between the indoor and outdoor CO2 measurements (>5000 ppm or 0.5% CO2 in air) averaged over an 8-h work day Time Weighted Average (TWA.). G1 and G3 group participants performed low intensity daily office activities, such as reading and talking. In contrast, Group Two (G2) was asked to perform moderate intensity activities, such as frequently lifting 10 kg items and walking quickly. The CO2 concentration was measured with two instruments to compare the outdoor and indoor measurements. Both devices were configured to take one reading every second for 30 min. A mathematical model was developed from the CO2 concentrations measured, the group size, and the retention factor of the mask being worn to determine the probability of inhaled air contaminated with an aerosol of SARS-CoV-2. We concluded that the likelihood of contagion in enclosed areas such as study areas, offices, and meeting rooms, among others, which use ventilation without a circulation of fresh air, is high. Despite proper distancing and masking, there is a 99% chance of contagion in one of the modeled extreme case scenarios in less than 10 min of exposure. The study took place in Albrook, Republic of Panama, which is a tropical developing coastal geographic location where split air conditioning units are widely used and, like many other countries in Latin America, where indoor air quality has only recently started being discussed publicly and enforced.Item Mass production of uniformly sized air-filled poly-lactic acid microcapsules made from microbubble templates(.American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2019-01-16)Hollow poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) microcapsules were fabricated using the bubble template method. In this method, microbubbles nucleated inside droplets of a dichloromethane solution of PLA which were located in a continuous phase of poly(vinyl alcohol). PLA-covered microbubbles formed when PLA adsorbed to the bubble surface by physisorption. Then, the coated microbubbles were spontaneously released from the droplet´s interior into the continuous phase. To increase the production yield of hollow microcapsules in this method, ultrasound was applied to enhance bubble nucleation inside the droplets. Thus to attain uniform hollow PLA microcapsules, the optimum PLA concentration with ultrasound was 30 g L −1 , which is higher than that without ultrasound (2 g L−1 ). At the optimum concentration, the average radius was 0.54 µm, with a polydispersity index of 21.2%. It was found that the equilibrium size of the microbubble template radius was the same with and without ultrasound. The production yield had a tenfold increase when ultrasound was employed.Item The National Health Monitoring System of Panama "SIMONS-SUHPA"(International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2021-09-30)SIMONS-SUHPA is a technological solution to identifying the least saturated emergency rooms in the different hospitals in Panama City. Healthcare in hospitals requires a better distribution of patients. The overcrowding in the emergency rooms is undoubtedly a day-to-day challenge. Thus this research seeks to minimize overcrowding by efficiently allocating patients to health centers. Via technology, the patient can be provided with information about the best medical care center based on his location, illness, and available resources (medical staff, equipment, among others). Technological innovations today have generated a greater demand for information. Society demands a greater degree of care and better benefits from medical services. In turn, a greater need justifies developing systems with high degrees of efficiency and effectiveness. To improve patients' demands, we propose a web application to obtain information about the hospital centers around him, depending on his location area. The main objective is to reduce the accumulation of emergency patients in these rooms thanks to the application's use, providing real-time information on the number of patients seen.Item Toxicity of commercial atrazine in rattus novergicus organs as a function of concentration: histopathological, ultrastructural and hematological evaluation(Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 2022-03-30)The effect of commercial Atrazine (ATR) on Rattus Novergicus organs was determined for a concentration of cATR of 1, 3, 13, 30, and 50 ppb. ATR was dissolved in drinking water. The rats were allowed to drink from it ad libitum for an uninterrupted period of 28 days as established by the Offi ce of Environmental Protection protocol under the number EPA OPPTS 870.3050. In the 28 days of the test, data on the behavior of the medicated animals was recorded before the extraction of sample tissues (heart, liver, spleen, brain, and testicles) for histological analysis. A direct correlation of cATR and organ damage was found. The study showed that even for the smallest doses (1ppb), commercial ATR produced several lesions in the studied animals. The rats showed hepatic periacinar necrosis with acute coagulation, hepatocyte lipidosis, severe portal lymphocytic infl ammation, coronary periarteritis, and lymphocytic meningoencephalitis for high concentrations. In the male reproductive system, testicular degeneration with mild acute tubular necrosis was observed.
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