Dos años de convivencia con el COVID-19 en Panamá
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Date
2021-01-15
Authors
Matus, Ericka
Asesor
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Espacios Transnacionales
Abstract
El año 2020, inició la transformación en la vida de millones de
personas en el mundo. En el caso de Panamá, el día 23 de enero se
ordena la activación del Centro de Operaciones en Salud (CODES),
con el fin de monitorear, recomendar acciones e iniciar preparativos
de respuesta para la intervención por la pandemia emitida
por la OMS y el 13 de marzo se declaró el estado de emergencia
nacional por COVID-19, por instrucciones de la presidencia de la
República en coordinación con el Ministerio de Salud.
Así, la rápida respuesta impuso el cierre de todas las actividades
no estratégicas o indispensables, pero continuaron tal como, el
funcionamiento del Canal de Panamá y toda la red del Sector de
Salud, los Servicios Públicos como Bomberos y Fuerzas Públicas,
Protección Civil, Industria agroalimentaria y agropecuaria,
Telecomunicaciones, Energía, Carga aérea, marítima y terrestre,
Transporte humanitario, Servicios bancarios, financieros y hasta
cooperativas de ahorro y crédito.
La población civil también demostró distintas iniciativas con
el fin de paliar los estragos del nuevo virus, por ejemplo, la
solidaridad de sus ciudadanos a través de donaciones, el cumplimiento
con las medidas de toque de queda, el programa
virtual de apoyo psicológico, el diseño y la construcción de
respiradores manuales de bajo costo, entre otros.
El número de casos confirmados y fallecidos, marcó modificaciones
en el calendario de confinamiento, en la forma de
comunicación, de enseñanza y aprendizaje a través de las instituciones
educativas, de comercio y convivencia, en una palabra,
en la transormación social.
El presente documento muestra los esfuerzos de la nación
centroamericana por aprender, mitigar y convivir con el
COVID-19 durante los primeros 24 meses.
The use of organic materials as fertilizer and their degree of maturity can generate positive or negative effects on the germination and growth of crops. The maturation and stabilization of these organic materials can avoid the generation of phytotoxic effects on the seeds. In addition to this, the use of dilutions for these organic fertilizers can greatly reduce these negative effects on the germination and growth of the seeds. An evaluation trial of three commercial organic fertilizers was established at the Cryobiology Laboratory of the University of Panama, to study the phytotoxic effect of diluted extracts from organic fertilizers using the phytotoxicity test on lettuce seeds as a bioindicator plant and using different components and degrees of stabilization and their dilutions on the relative germination percentage, the relative root growth and the germination index of lettuce plants. The results obtained showed that the organic fertilizer from poultry manure with non-stabilized sawdust (T3) diluted to 25% was the best response for the growth variables evaluated in the plant, followed by the pelletized fertilizer from poultry and bovine manure (T2) diluted to 25%. This indicates that the 25% dilution of immature organic fertilizers decreases their phytotoxic effect by reducing the presence of harmful compounds on sensitive seeds such as lettuce. This evaluation procedure for organic fertilizers is fast, economical and allows the safe use of composting products available on the market. Keywords: Bioindicator, dilutions, stabilization, maturity.
The use of organic materials as fertilizer and their degree of maturity can generate positive or negative effects on the germination and growth of crops. The maturation and stabilization of these organic materials can avoid the generation of phytotoxic effects on the seeds. In addition to this, the use of dilutions for these organic fertilizers can greatly reduce these negative effects on the germination and growth of the seeds. An evaluation trial of three commercial organic fertilizers was established at the Cryobiology Laboratory of the University of Panama, to study the phytotoxic effect of diluted extracts from organic fertilizers using the phytotoxicity test on lettuce seeds as a bioindicator plant and using different components and degrees of stabilization and their dilutions on the relative germination percentage, the relative root growth and the germination index of lettuce plants. The results obtained showed that the organic fertilizer from poultry manure with non-stabilized sawdust (T3) diluted to 25% was the best response for the growth variables evaluated in the plant, followed by the pelletized fertilizer from poultry and bovine manure (T2) diluted to 25%. This indicates that the 25% dilution of immature organic fertilizers decreases their phytotoxic effect by reducing the presence of harmful compounds on sensitive seeds such as lettuce. This evaluation procedure for organic fertilizers is fast, economical and allows the safe use of composting products available on the market. Keywords: Bioindicator, dilutions, stabilization, maturity.
Description
Keywords
PanamáCOVID-19pandemiaconfinamientotransformación social
Cómo citar
Ericka, M. (2021). Dos años de convivencia con el COVID-19 en Panamá. Espacios Transnacionales. http://repositorio2.udelas.ac.pa/handle/123456789/1121