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Item Advancements in mems and nems from bio-tribological perspective(Journal of Nanomedicine, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials, 2021-09-30)Biotribology is a field dedicated to the understanding of many sliding and frictional interfaces in living tissue. The field gained popularity in the 1990´s due to miniaturization of electromechanical components which prompted issues related to grinding and wear at smaller scales. This is, since MEMs and NEMS have gained control over medication, biotechnology, optics, hardware, and avionics and, due to the scale, continuum mechanics cannot accurately describe such nanoscale phenomena. MEMs and NEMS are increasingly used in industrial and defense applications. In chemistry these devices allow smaller reagent volumes and faster reaction times, and the simultaneous execution of multiple types of analyses. In biotechnology, these are used to examine DNA or proteins in order to detect ailments or find new medications. They are also known as DNA arrays, and they're capable of identifying thousands of genes at once. In the pharmaceutical industry, they serve as drug delivery systems. Indeed there are several applications for such kind of devices and in order to increase the number of fields of application, it is necessary to overcome several tribological challenges. Thus, this review focuses on tribology in Bio MEMS/NEMS, its applications, advancements and challenges since device miniaturization is one of the frontier technologies of the 21st centuryItem Desarrollo de hidrogeles en aplicaciones en biomedicina(Revista Académica / Academic Journal. Gente Clave., 2021-03-30)Dentro de los biomateriales más ampliamente utilizado en estudios de biomedicina para la regeneración del sistema nervioso se encuentran los hidrogeles y que corresponden a redes polimericas con alta capacidad de absorción de agua. Los hidrogeles son biomateriales capaces de ser incorporados en el cuerpo humano sin generar la perturbación del ecosistema neuronal y promover distintos procesos celulares. Las ventajas del uso de hidrogeles vienen dadas por su gran biocompatibilidad y su gran capacidad regenerativa in situ, lo que los hace excelentes candidatos para aplicaciones en el problemas patológicos humanos. Sus aplicaciones biomédicas son diversas, destacando su papel como sistemas de liberación sostenida de fármacos, lo que representa una alternativa para la regeneración de tejido dañado; además son andamios tridimensionales para diversas terapias celulares, proporcionando un microambiente con propiedades biomiméticas que permite la expresión diferencial de comportamientos celulares que promueven la recuperación del tejido dañado. Esta característica lo hace de alta relevancia en la medicina regenerativa enfocada en la reparación de sistema nervioso en distintas neuropatologías, pues la anatomía de este sistema es altamente compleja y delicada. Actualmente, el estudio de los hidrogeles como posibles biomateriales promotores de la regeneración axonal es un tema muy dinámico y gran potencial en posibles aplicaciones preclinicas.Item Design of a cost-effective swimming prosthesis for transtibial amputee patients(Revista Académica Gente Clave, 2022-10-06)swim fin prosthesis has been manufactured for a transtibial amputee patient by 3D printers using glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate associated with a video recording analyzer that allows the measurement of the angles of the participant's residual limb. The data provided by the study indicate that the knee flexors present, according to Daniel's scale, the strength of 3.5, the knee extension (quadriceps-rectus femoris) a strength of 4, and the adductors (adductor medius) and abductors (gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata) a strength of 4. Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the critical loading conditions, considering some parameters that affect the mechanics of the transtibial amputee's kick, such as the angular velocity of the kick, drag force, and flipper geometry. Similarly, the mechanical strength of the prosthesis was evaluated by finite element analysis, and it was determined that given the angular velocity of the prosthesis, the maximum stress Von Miss 31.78MPa. In tests, the equipment operated at a pressure of 6.1 kPa.Item Advancements in blood rheology and hemodynamics simulation with a brief history(Advance Research in Sciences (ARS), 2023-09-20)Blood rheology is a complex field of study that investigates blood flow behavior, vital for understanding its role in physiological and pathological conditions. This article delves into various rheological models that describe blood behavior, ranging from Generalized Newtonian models to more sophisticated thixotropic and elastoviscoplastic models. One such model, the Horner-Armstrong-Wagner-Beris (HAWB) model, offers valuable insights into the dynamic interplay of reversible and irreversible phenomena in blood flow. Recent advancements, such as the mHAWB framework, provide enhanced accuracy and versatility in modeling blood rheology, holding great potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Moreover, microscopic and mesoscopic simulations have paved the way for deeper insights into blood behavior, bridging the gap between theory and experiment. Multiscale models offer a promising approach to capturing the complexities of blood rheology at various length scales. Finally, we explore the clinical implications of blood rheology, including its significance in conditions like polycythemia, neonatal respiratory distress, and circulatory inadequacy. By understanding blood rheology comprehensively, we can advance our knowledge of complex blood flow dynamics and its potential applications in healthcare.