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Item An integrative model for the study of attitudes towards statistics, Part 1: establishing the conceptual model(Journal of Social Sciences, 2022-08-31)We propose a model to study attitudes towards statistics in higher education teachers. In the literature, there is a host of scientific articles aimed at developing and applying measurement instruments whose psychometric characteristics are generally statistically acceptable. However, publications on the structure of attitudes and their relationship with teaching are relatively scarce-especially those dedicated to statistics in higher education. Based on the system of attitudes proposed by Ajzen and Fishbein, the objective is to develop a model to put into perspective what happens to teachers in the classrooms of higher education institutions. It is imperative to know teachers' attitudes and make the appropriate modifications considering the digitalization of information and increased databases.Item Attitudes toward COVID-19 lockdown as a risk predictor in Panama(European Scientific Journal, ESJ, Social Sciences, 2021-05-31)This document describes an investigation undertaken to examine attitudes towards lockdowns through COVID-19 as a psychosocial risk predictor in Panama. We conducted the study through a cross-sectional, prospective, and correlational approach. The study was constructed containing psychometric characteristics in the form of 36 Likert scale items to collect data. The instrument was sent to 233 participants via Google form between April 17 and April 30, 2020. The participants responded fully to the questionnaire. We analyzed the data by mean comparisons, correlation, and regression. There is a significant correlation between each of the studied factors and attitudes. The results indicate that women and people over the age of 51 have a positive attitude towards lockdown. Finally, from the predictive risk model in which 99.9% of the data fit., the affective factor represents 68%, the cognitive factor 22%, and the behavioral factor 10% of predictive importance for lockdown attitudes to COVID-19.Item Panama: scope and psychosocial challenges two years after the COVID-19 pandemic(IntechOpen, 2022-10-28)It is a review of the challenges that Panama faced during the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of mental health. From social psychology, some of the research that provided a vision of the effects in the short, medium, and long term is shown. Finally, social psychology is proposed as a reference framework for the study of the phenomena associated with the pandemic.Item Confianza durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Panamá(ESJ Social Sciences, 2021-10-31)Esta investigación forma parte de una batería de pruebas para precisar las consecuencias psicológicas y conductuales por la crisis COVID-19, a partir de la iniciativa COVIDiSTRESS global survey (Lieberoth y colaboradores, 2020). El objetivo es establecer las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de confianza de la OCDE para explicar la confianza en las personas y en las instituciones en situación de COVID-19 en Panamá. Es un estudio transversal, prospectivo y comparativo. Se aplicó el instrumento de medición sobre confianza elaborado por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), a una población de 765 panameños adultos, entre 18 y 82 años. La estructura psicométrica indica una validez de constructo que integra a dos factores que en conjunto tienen una varianza explicada de 69.69%. La confiabilidad Alpha de Cronbach, arroja un puntaje global de European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 October 2021 edition Vol.17, No.35 www.eujournal.org 52 0.882. Los resultados evidencian desconfianza en las personas, en las autoridades y en las instituciones nacionales e internacionales en situación de COVID-19 en Panamá. Se perciben diferencias significativas por escolaridad, situación marital y edad. La confianza es similarmente baja por género, a pesar de los esfuerzos gubernamentales por el manejo pertinente y eficiente durante el inicio de la pandemia. Es importante, resaltar que la situación de cuarentena por pandemia durante la aplicación del cuestionario es una variable externa, extraordinaria, por lo que se recomienda realizar estudios longitudinales para contrastar y medir el impacto que ésta tiene.Item Aplicabilidad del BFI-S en Panamá(SNI, SENACYT, 2022-01-15)Se analizó las características psicométricas de la escala BFI-S de 5 elementos y se determinó la eficiencia de la escala para obtener las características psicométricas deseadas. El estudio es de campo no experimental, prospectivo y aplicativo, con un diseño ex post facto transversal y correlacional. La muestra fue no probabilística de 648 adultos panameños que respondieron a la escala de personalidad BFI, como parte de un estudio internacional sobre el impacto psicológico y conductual de la crisis por COVID-19 llamado COVIDiSTRESS global survey de Lieberoth et al. El instrumento forma parte de un inventario que integra otras ocho escalas. Se empleó el método de extracción de componentes principales y el método de rotación utilizado fue el de normalización Varimax con Kariser. Los datos se analizaron con el estadístico Alpha de Cronbach, para calcular la confiabilidad de la prueba. Los resultados indican que el constructo no cuenta con validez ni confiabilidad para la muestra panameña.Item Toxicity of commercial atrazine in rattus novergicus organs as a function of concentration: histopathological, ultrastructural and hematological evaluation(Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 2022-03-30)The effect of commercial Atrazine (ATR) on Rattus Novergicus organs was determined for a concentration of cATR of 1, 3, 13, 30, and 50 ppb. ATR was dissolved in drinking water. The rats were allowed to drink from it ad libitum for an uninterrupted period of 28 days as established by the Offi ce of Environmental Protection protocol under the number EPA OPPTS 870.3050. In the 28 days of the test, data on the behavior of the medicated animals was recorded before the extraction of sample tissues (heart, liver, spleen, brain, and testicles) for histological analysis. A direct correlation of cATR and organ damage was found. The study showed that even for the smallest doses (1ppb), commercial ATR produced several lesions in the studied animals. The rats showed hepatic periacinar necrosis with acute coagulation, hepatocyte lipidosis, severe portal lymphocytic infl ammation, coronary periarteritis, and lymphocytic meningoencephalitis for high concentrations. In the male reproductive system, testicular degeneration with mild acute tubular necrosis was observed.Item Distress about Covid-19 in Panama: psychometric structure(Journal of Social Sciences, 2021-10-30)The psychological impact of the pandemic has established the urgent need to respond to the needs of the population in each culture, region and context. Thus, in the Republic of Panama, the efforts of numerous specialists have combined actions to attend to the crisis. This study aims to obtain the factor structure and psychometric properties of the SARS-CoV-2 distress scale, which, together with eight other questionnaires, make up the battery to measure the psychological and behavioral consequences of the health crisis, based on the COVID Stress global survey initiative. We employed a non-probabilistic sample of 765 Panamanian adults who responded entirely online during the lockdown stage in March. The instrument is composed of 24 items that proved to be valid and reliable for the Panamanian sample. The main findings show that distress is linked to uncertainty and the financial situation and not due to health or education. In addition, single men with less schooling have higher levels of uncertainty and distress in general.Item Sports motivation in athletes in the face of psychosocial risk and pandemic due to COVID 19(Sport Psychology in Sports, Exercise and Physical Activity, 2021-03-30)In this chapter, the reader will discover the importance of motivation in general and sports through a tour of the most critical theories in the field. Furthermore, we present the experiences of a group of young athletes during the quarantine due to the covid-19 pandemic in the Republic of Panama. Also, the reader will be able to identify the psychosocial risk variables and how sports is a mitigation factor for covid-19.Item Psychosocial impact of virtual networks on university students(Universidad Especializada de las Américas - Universidad Iberoamericana, 2022-12-15)Technology has modified all aspects of the lives of individuals, making it more comfortable, this is a great achievement of humanity, but it has also made us dependent beings. The use of electronic platforms, social networks, applications (App), artificial intelligence, virtual assistants, among others, represent unimaginable achievements just 50 years ago. Daily life requires a smartphone, since we are not able to orient ourselves geographically, remember a phone number, or any information that is needed since it is easy to take a photo, carry the schedule of activities, financial services through banking online, have the Covid-19 vaccination record, or check food options at a food service, because a QR reader is required. In addition to the daily technological dependence, we find the attitudes and emotional dependence in which preferences, tastes, photographs, music, virtual approach to family and friends, and much more, become an essential support, especially in the young generations. With this framework, the aim is to evaluate the psychosocial impact of virtual networks on university students in the Republic of Panama. For this, a measurement instrument was designed that was applied remotely through Google form ©. The Likert-type format allowed inferential statistical analyzes to guarantee the discrimination index of the items, the reliability of the instrument through Cronbach's Alpha, as well as the construct validity with the factorial analysis using the SPSS 24 © software. The results reveal that university students have a positive attitude towards virtual networks, which represent psychological and social support, which allows users an emotional protection that they use as a defense against the uncertainty of the day to day and about the near future. Thus, the psychosocial impact of virtual networks encourages emotional containment, in addition, they become social support when links are established with small close groups, regardless of their membership in extended groups. Another finding shows that not all the impact of virtual networks is positive, for example, it was discovered that sleep patterns are not healthy, in addition, the information they receive at night can generate anxiety, anguish and stress.