Intervención de las habilidades comunicativas en un niño con trastorno del espectro autista: estudio de caso
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Date
2019-10-14
Authors
López Adrián
Asesor
Journal Title
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Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Especializada de las Américas
Abstract
La presente investigación proyecta su intención en el estudio de los trastornos del habla y el lenguaje, interpretado desde determinadas limitaciones en la comunicación afectiva y efectiva que impiden el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas en un niño con un trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), teniendo en cuenta la prevalencia e incidencia de este síndrome en los últimos años, a nivel internacional y particularmente en los Estados Unidos (EEUU), donde se ha comprobado un incremento del número de niños diagnosticados dentro del espectro autista, y donde no existe un consenso entre neurólogos, psicólogos y especialistas en comportamiento y terapistas del lenguaje sobre las causas de dichas manifestaciones, dejando muchas brechas epistemológicas en la actividad científica, que sin lugar a duda necesitan atención urgente, por lo que la presente investigación busca generar toda la atención de los responsabilizados en construir conocimiento científico en esta área y a seguir profundizando en la problemática del autismo.
Description
The picture exchange communication system (PECS) is an effective alternative method to address therapeutic intervention strategies in people with severe linguistic disabilities, particularly for those who have not developed verbal language, and have serious limitations to do so extraverbally. This system provides resources and tools that guarantee a more flexible communicative dynamic in diagnoses of autistic spectrum disorders. The results investigation deepens in this dynamic by emerging the need to develop a descriptive case study that investigated the limitations presented by a 4-year-old boy with a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder to communicate effectively and affectively. Such difficulties are associated with a disorder of the pragmatic language of AA, identification given to the child subject of the study, who has stopped the development of his abilities to understand, process and express messages, from the codification and decoding of meanings. This is due to the Autism disorder that limits him to interact with his environment and identify with his sociocultural reality. In this single case study, a system of intervention procedures based on the tools and resources provided by the image exchange communication system (PECS) was applied to stimulate communication skills in the selected child. The procedures allowed to organize and direct actions developed during the therapeutic sessions executed with AA. The results showed significant advances that revealed a criteria that allowed the corroboration of the research hypothesis. The case study started with a factual diagnosis, from which manifestations the research problem emerged. The antecedents and justification of it led to its theoretical support, making an inquiry in the scientific literature about the problems of communication and pragmatic language in people with autism spectrum disorder and the alternative and augmentative systems of communication more effective in their intervention, being described in the theoretical framework. At the same time, the methodological design of the case study was described. The instruments and research procedures used were clarified. From the application the most significant difficulties associated with the capacities of AA to understand, process and express messages were identified. These difficulties were addressed with the therapeutic intervention actions developed.
Keywords
espectro autistahabilidades comunicativasPatologías del Habla y del Lenguaje
Cómo citar
Adrián, L. (2019). Intervención de las habilidades comunicativas en un niño con trastorno del espectro autista: estudio de caso. Universidad Especializada de las Américas. http://repositorio2.udelas.ac.pa/handle/123456789/285